Perhaps one reason Democracy is so messy is that so many people don’t want to believe that types of people they hate really are their equals. Sorry, folks! That’s one of the basic tenets of Democracy: we are all created equal*. Nowhere is this more important than official Washington, where the people’s choice of elected officials gather as equals to transact the nation’s business. For Black History Month, it’s worth revisiting an incident you weren’t taught in school, of how First Lady Lou Hoover handled entertaining Jessie De Priest, the wife of the first Black Congressman of the 20th century.
It had been the custom for the First Lady to give a series of teas for the wives of Congressmen**, and four were planned for May-June, 1929, the first year of the Hoover administration. The wives were invited in alphabetical order to four teas of 150 people, but the guest list with the Ds omitted Mrs. De Priest. “The name of Mrs. De Priest was put aside for future consideration,” reported Chief Usher Ike Hoover***. “The decision was postponed for there was no precedent to go by.” Heaven forbid we just treat people as equals . . .
Even so, Mrs. Hoover was determined to receive Mrs. De Priest, and a fifth tea was scheduled. “A small company [of 14, as opposed to 150] was chosen, with an idea that they would help out in an embarrassing situation . . . The police officers on the outside and the doormen on the inside had been cautioned to be careful . . . lest they create a scene by refusing her admittance.
“The guests assembled in the East Room. Mrs. Hoover was to receive in the Green Room and pass the guests on to the Red Room for tea. Mrs. De Priest was introduced to the others present . . . Being the lowest rank of the official ladies [because her husband had been most recently elected], she had to await her turn while the others were being shown in. After a few minutes of conversation with Mrs. Hoover, Mrs. De Priest moved on to the Red Room, where she was served a cup of tea in the regular form. It can be stated that Mrs. De Priest conducted herself with perfect propriety. She really seemed to be the most composed one in the group. She certainly acted her part . . . leaving behind a feeling of admiration at the way she conducted herself.”****
There followed a furore in the national press, and condemnation of the First Lady from certain Southern legislatures. A distinction was made by some between official and purely social entertaining. As this tea was an official function, and Mrs. De Priest was invited solely because she was the wife of a Congressman, that should have put an end to the matter. (Alas, Etiquetteer cannot find a record of whether or not Congressman and Mrs. De Priest were ever invited to the White House again.)
Who comes out of this best? Mrs. De Priest, obviously, whose behavior was beyond reproach. Etiquetteer has a certain amount of sympathy for Mrs. Hoover, who genuinely wanted to receive Mrs. De Priest without the risk of other, racist guests creating a Diplomatic Incident at the tea.
Etiquetteer invites you to read more about the De Priest tea in this excellent article by Annette Dunlap, and to reflect on how consideration of others really does make a Better Society.
*In the words of the late Lina Lamont, “It says so, right there!” in the preamble of the Declaration of Independence.
**At that time there were not yet husbands of Congresswomen.
***42 Years in the White House, by Irwin Hood Hoover, pages 301. While the Hoovers lived in the White House, the First Lady insisted that Mr. Hoover be addressed as “Mr. Usher” so that no one would confuse him for President Hoover.
****42 Years in the White House, pages 302-303.